Using standard features you cannot AFAIK trigger with shorter intervals than the interval set for update workflow states. By default that is once per hour. You can change that value but it will place a heavy workload on the server if you do depending obviously on the number of objects in an active workflow with automatic triggers.
There may be more suitable options using Extension Kit from Unitfly where you can define your own schedule. If you use appropriate filters to limit the number of objects affected it may be OK to use short intervals.
